Elmer Li
working papers
Occupational Skill Mixing Under Breakthrough GPTs.
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This paper studies “skill mixing”—the tendency for employers to bundle together skill demands that were previously seen in different occupations—and examines its drivers and labor market consequences.
E-Commerce Expansion and Regional Disparities: Evidence from Amazon’s Distribution Facilities (with Ruiqi (Rachel) Sun)
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We examine how e-commerce reshapes the spatial distribution of retail activity, manufacturing, and inter-regional trade.
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Subsumes an earlier working paper "E-commerce and Regional Inequality: A Trade Framework and Evidence from Amazon’s Expansion."​​​
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New Skills, Higher Pay? Evidence from Job Postings (with David Koll and and Marina M. Tavares)
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When new skills emerge within existing jobs, does the labor market price them—and if so, which kinds of skills matter the most?
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Media coverage: Financial Times, World Economic Forum, Fortune, IMF Blog
selected work in progress
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When New Technologies Come to Town: The Impact of Skill Diffusion (with David Koll and and Marina M. Tavares)
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​Skill Demand and Technology Adoption After Corporate Acquisitions (with Alina Jiajing Song and Marina M. Tavares)
policy work
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“Bridging Skill Gaps for the Future: New Jobs Creation in the AI Age,” IMF Staff Discussion Note, 001 (2026). [link]​
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Media coverage: Financial Times, World Economic Forum, Fortune, IMF Blog
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Vietnam: “Boosting Productivity and Medium-Term Growth in Vietnam," IMF Selected Issues Papers, 284 (2025). IMF Country Report ​No. 25/284. [link]​​
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South Africa: "Growth Benefits of Macro-Structural Reforms in South Africa," IMF Selected Issues Papers, 023 (2025). IMF Country Report ​No. 25/29. [link]​​​
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